mm - text formatting (memorandum) macros
nroff -mm [options] filename...
troff -mm [options] filename...
This package of nroff(1) and troff(1) macro definitions pro-
vides a formatting facility for various styles of articles,
theses, and books. When producing 2-column output on a ter-
minal or lineprinter, or when reverse line motions are
needed, filter the output through col(1). All external -mm
macros are defined below.
Note: this -mm macro package is an extended version written
at Berkeley and is a superset of the standard -mm macro
packages as supplied by Bell Labs. Some of the Bell Labs
macros have been removed; for instance, it is assumed that
the user has little interest in producing headers stating
that the memo was generated at Whippany Labs.
Many nroff and troff requests are unsafe in conjunction with
this package. However, the first four requests below may be
used with impunity after initialization, and the last two
may be used even before initialization:
.bp begin new page
.br break output line
.spn insert n spacing lines
.cen center next n lines
.lsn line spacing: n=1 single, n=2 double space
.na no alignment of right margin
Font and point size changes with \f and \s are also allowed;
for example, \fIword\fR will italicize word. Output of the
tbl(1), eqn(1) and refer(1) preprocessors for equations,
tables, and references is acceptable as input.
Here is a table of macros.
Macro Name Initial Value Break? Reset? Explanation
.1C on y,y one column format on a new page
.2C [ l ] - y,y two column format l=line length
.AE - y end abstract
.AL [ t ] [ i ] [ s ] t=1;i=.Li;s=0 y Start automatic list type
t=[1,A,a,I,i] 1=arabic numbers;
A=uppercase letters a=lowercase
letters; I=uppercase Roman
numerals; i=lowercase Roman
numerals indentation i; separation
s
.AS m [ n ] n=0 y begin abstract
.AU - y author's name
.AV x - y signature and date line of verifier
x
.B x - n embolden x; if no x, switch to
boldface
.BE - y end block text
.BI x y - n embolden x and underline y
.BL - y bullet list
.BR x y - n embolden x and use Roman font for y
.BS - n start block text
.CN - y same as .DE (nroff)
.CS - y cover sheet
.CW - n same as .DS I (nroff)
.DE - y end display
.DF [ p ] [ f ] [ rp ] p=L;f=N y start floating display; position
p=[L,C,CB] L=left; I=indent;
C=center; CB=center block fill
f=[N,Y]; right position rp (fill
only)
.DL [ i ] [ s ] - y start dash list
.DS [ p ] [ f ] [ rp ] p=L;f=N y begin static display (see .DF for
argument descriptions)
.EC x [ n ] n=1 y equation title; equation x; number
n
.EF x - n even footer appears at the bottom
of even-numbered pages; x="l'c'r"
l=left; c=center; r=right
.EH x - n even header appears at the top of
even-numbered pages; x="l'c'r"
l=left; c=center; r=right
.EN - y end displayed equation produced by
eqn
.EQ - y break out equation produced by eqn
.EX x [ n ] n=1 y exhibit title; exhibit x
number n
.FD [ f ] [ r ] f=10;r=1 n set footnote style format f=[0-11];
renumber r=[0,1]
.FE - y end footnote
.FG x [ n ] n=1 y figure title; figure x; number n
.FS - n start footnote
.H l [ t ] - y produce numbered heading level
l=[1-7]; title t
.HU t - y produce unnumbered heading; title t
.I x - n underline x
.IB x y - n underline x and embolden y
.IR x y - n underline x and use Roman font on y
.LE [ s ] s=0 y end list; separation s
.LI [ m ] [ p ] - y start new list item; mark m
prefix p (mark only)
.ML m [ i ] [ s ] s=0 y start marked list; mark m indenta-
tion i; separation s=[0,1]
.MT x y memo title; title x
.ND x n no date in page footer; x is date
on cover
.NE - y end block text
.NS - y start block text
.OF x - n odd footer appears at the bottom of
odd-numbered pages; x="l'c'r"
l=left; c=center; r=right
.OF x - n odd header appears at the top of
odd-numbered pages; x="l'c'r"
l=left; c=center; r=right
.OP - y skip to the top of an odd-number
page
.P [ t ] t=0 y,y begin paragraph; t=[0,1] 0=justi-
fied; 1=indented
.PF x - n page footer appears at the bottom
of every page; x="l'c'r" l=left;
c=center; r=right
.PH x - n page header appears at the top of
every page; x="l'c'r" l=left;
c=center; r=right
.R on n return to Roman font
.RB x y - n use Roman
on x and embolden y
.RI x y - n use Roman
on x and underline y
.RP x - y,y released paper format ? x=no stops
title on first
.RS 5n y,y right shift: start level of rela-
tive indentation
.S m n - n set character point size & vertical
space character point size m; vert-
ical space n
.SA x x=1 n justification; x=[0,1]
.SK x - y skip x pages
.SM - n smaller; decrease point size by 2
.SP [ x ] - y leave x blank lines
.TB x [ n ] n=1 y table title; table x; number n
.TC - y print table of contents (put at end
of input file)
.TE - y end of table processed by tbl
.TH - y end multi-page header of table
.TL - n title in boldface and two points
larger
.TM - n UC Berkeley thesis mode
.TP i y y i=p.i. Begin indented paragraph,
with the tag given on the next text
line. Set prevailing indent to i.
.TS x - y,y begin table; if x=H table has
multi-page header
.TY - y display centered title CONTENTS
.VL i [ m ] [ s ] m=0;s=0 y start variable-item list; indenta-
tion i mark-indentation m; separa-
tion s
| | |
| | |
Formatting distances can be controlled|in -mm by means of
built-in number registers. For example, this sets the line
length to 6.5 inches: | | |
| | |
.nr LL 6.5i | | |
| | |
Here is a table of number registers and their default
values: | | |
| | |
Name | Register|Controls | |Takes Effect | | Default
Cl | contents|level | |table of contents| 2
De | display eject | |display | | 0
Df | display floating | |display | | 5
Ds | display spacing | |display | | 1v
Hb | heading break | |heading | | 2
Hc | heading centering | |heading | | 0
Hi | heading indent | |heading | | 1
Hi | heading spacing | |heading | | 1
Hu | heading unnumbered | |heading | | 2
Li | list indentation | |list | |
| | | | | |
6 (nroff) | | | | | |
5 (troff) | | | | | |
Ls | list | | | | |
spacing | list | | 6 | |
Pi | paragraph | | | |
indent | paragraph 5| | | |
Pt | paragraph | | | |
type | paragraph 1| | | |
Si | static | | | | |
indent | display | | | |
| | | | | |
5 (nroff) | | | | | |
3 (troff) | | | | | |
| | |
| | |
When resetting these values, make sure to specify the
appropriate units. Setting the line length to 7, for exam-
ple, will result in output with one character per line. Set-
ting Pi to 0 suppresses paragraph indentation
Here is a list of string registers available in -mm; they
may be used anywhere in the text:
Name | String's Function
\*Q | quote (" in nroff, `` in troff )
\*U | unquote (" in nroff, '' in troff )
\*- | dash (-- in nroff, - in troff )
\*(MO | month (month of the year)
\*(DY | day (current date)
\** | automatically numbered footnote
\*' | acute accent (before letter)
\*` | grave accent (before letter)
\*^ | circumflex (before letter)
\*, | cedilla (before letter)
\*: | umlaut (before letter)
\*~ | tilde (before letter)
\(BU | bullet item
\(DT | date (month day, yr)
\(EM | em dash
|
\(Lf | LIST OF FIGURES title
\(Lt | LIST OF TABLES title
\(Lx | LIST OF EXHIBITS title
\(Le | LIST OF EQUATIONS title
\(Rp | REFERENCES title
\(Tm | trademark character (TM)
When using the extended accent mark definitions available
with .AM, these strings should come after, rather than
before, the letter to be accented.
/usr/share/lib/tmac/m
/usr/share/lib/tmac/mm.[nt]
nroff and troff definitions of mm.
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWdoc |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
col(1), eqn(1), nroff(1), refer(1), tbl(1), troff(1), attri-
butes(5)
Floating keeps and regular keeps are diverted to the same
space, so they cannot be mixed together with predictable
results.