crontab(1)
NAME
crontab - user crontab file
SYNOPSIS
crontab [filename]
crontab [-elr username]
DESCRIPTION
The crontab utility manages a user's access with cron (see
cron(1M)) by copying, creating, listing, and removing cron-
tab files. If invoked without options, crontab copies the
specified file, or the standard input if no file is speci-
fied, into a directory that holds all users' crontabs.
If crontab is invoked with filename, this will overwrite an
existing crontab entry for the user that invokes it.
crontab Access Control
Users: Access to crontab is allowed:
o if the user's name appears in /etc/cron.d/cron.allow.
o if /etc/cron.d/cron.allow does not exist and the
user's name is not in /etc/cron.d/cron.deny.
Users: Access to crontab is denied:
o if /etc/cron.d/cron.allow exists and the user's name
is not in it.
o if /etc/cron.d/cron.allow does not exist and user's
name is in /etc/cron.d/cron.deny.
o if neither file exists, only a user with the
solaris.jobs.user authorization is allowed to submit a
job.
o If BSM audit is enabled, the user's shell is not
audited and the user is not the crontab owner. This
can occur if the user logs in via a program, such as
some versions of SSH, which does not set audit parame-
ters.
Notice that the rules for allow and deny apply to root only
if the allow/deny files exist.
The allow/deny files consist of one user name per line.
crontab Entry Format
A crontab file consists of lines of six fields each. The
fields are separated by spaces or tabs. The first five are
integer patterns that specify the following:
minute (0-59),
hour (0-23),
day of the month (1-31),
month of the year (1-12),
day of the week (0-6 with 0=Sunday).
Each of these patterns may be either an asterisk (meaning
all legal values) or a list of elements separated by commas.
An element is either a number or two numbers separated by a
minus sign (meaning an inclusive range). Notice that the
specification of days may be made by two fields (day of the
month and day of the week). Both are adhered to if specified
as a list of elements. See EXAMPLES.
The sixth field of a line in a crontab file is a string that
is executed by the shell at the specified times. A percent
character in this field (unless escaped by \) is translated
to a NEWLINE character.
Only the first line (up to a `%' or end of line) of the com-
mand field is executed by the shell. Other lines are made
available to the command as standard input. Any blank line
or line beginning with a `#' is a comment and will be
ignored.
The shell is invoked from your $HOME directory with an arg0
of sh. Users who desire to have their .profile executed must
explicitly do so in the crontab file. cron supplies a
default environment for every shell, defining HOME, LOGNAME,
SHELL(=/bin/sh), TZ, and PATH. The default PATH for user
cron jobs is /usr/bin; while root cron jobs default to
/usr/sbin:/usr/bin. The default PATH can be set in
/etc/default/cron (see cron(1M)).
If you do not redirect the standard output and standard
error of your commands, any generated output or errors will
be mailed to you.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-e Edits a copy of the current user's crontab file, or
creates an empty file to edit if crontab does not
exist. When editing is complete, the file is installed
as the user's crontab file. If a username is given,
the specified user's crontab file is edited, rather
than the current user's crontab file; this may only be
done by a user with the solaris.jobs.admin authoriza-
tion. The environment variable EDITOR determines
which editor is invoked with the -e option. The
default editor is ed(1). Notice that all crontab jobs
should be submitted using crontab. Do not add jobs by
just editing the crontab file, because cron will not
be aware of changes made this way.
If all lines in the crontab file are deleted, the old
crontab file will be restored. The correct way to
delete all lines is to remove the crontab file via the
-r option.
-l Lists the crontab file for the invoking user. Only a
user with the solaris.jobs.admin authorization can
specify a username following the -r or -l options to
remove or list the crontab file of the specified user.
-r Removes a user's crontab from the crontab directory.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Cleaning up core files
This example cleans up core files every weekday morning at
3:15 am:
15 3 * * 1-5 find $HOME -name core 2>/dev/null | xargs rm -f
Example 2: Mailing a birthday greeting
0 12 14 2 * mailx john%Happy Birthday!%Time for lunch.
Example 3: Specifying days of the month and week
This example
0 0 1,15 * 1
would run a command on the first and fifteenth of each
month, as well as on every Monday.
To specify days by only one field, the other field should be
set to *. For example:
0 0 * * 1
would run a command only on Mondays.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
variables that affect the execution of crontab: LANG,
LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.
EDITOR
Determine the editor to be invoked when the -e option
is specified. The default editor is vi(1).
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
FILES
/etc/cron.d
main cron directory
/etc/cron.d/cron.allow
list of allowed users
/etc/default/cron
contains cron default settings
/etc/cron.d/cron.deny
list of denied users
/var/cron/log
accounting information
/var/spool/cron/crontabs
spool area for crontab
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWcsu |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Interface Stability | Standard |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
atq(1), atrm(1), auths(1), sh(1), vi(1), cron(1M), su(1M),
auth_attr(4), attributes(5), environ(5), standards(5)
NOTES
If you inadvertently enter the crontab command with no
argument(s), do not attempt to get out with Control-d. This
removes all entries in your crontab file. Instead, exit with
Control-c.
If an authorized user modifies another user's crontab file,
resulting behavior may be unpredictable. Instead, the
super-user should first use su(1M) to become super-user to
the other user's login before making any changes to the
crontab file.
When updating cron, check first for existing crontab entries
that may be scheduled close to the time of the update. Such
entries may be lost if the update process completes after
the scheduled event. This can happen because, when cron is
notified by crontab to update the internal view of a user's
crontab file, it first removes the user's existing internal
crontab and any internal scheduled events. Then it reads the
new crontab file and rebuilds the internal crontab and
events. This last step takes time, especially with a large
crontab file, and may complete after an existing crontab
entry is scheduled to run if it is scheduled too close to
the update. To be safe, start a new job at least 60 seconds
after the current date and time.
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